Baker, Sally J., Director of Public Relations, American Association of Equine Practitioners, 4075 Irons Works Parkway, Lexington, KY, 40511, (859) 233-0147.
Sally J. Baker is the director of publications at the American Association of Equine Practitioners. This organization’s mission statement is “To improve the health and welfare of the horse, to further the professional development of its members, and to provide resources and leadership for the benefit of the equine industry.” This group is very up to date on the equine care and research. Baker is the one who gives press interviews and is like a spokesperson for this group, who represents what it stands for. Because of their veterinary research and expertise, they can explain horse slaughter in a scientific manner, without emotions hurting the information.
Black, Jerry, DVM (2008, February). Secretary, American Horse Council, 1616 H Street NW, 7th floor, Washington, DC, 20006, (202) 296-4031.
Dr. Jerry Black, DVM, is the secretary for the American Horse Council. This organization is a national association that represents different parts of the horse industry; working out of Washington, D.C. Dr. Black has also been involved with the American Association of Equine Practitioners by being the president in 2001. He is very influential in the equine world. He has also been interviewed for numerous articles about horse slaughter and explains if slaughter is done it has to be done humanely. He runs a breeding farm with his wife and continues to work at the clinic, Pioneer Equine Hospital, he found, in Oakdale, California. Dr. Black would be a good source to talk with to understand the history of this movement and what he thinks of it because he is so influential and knowledgeable.
Cordes, Dr. Timothy, USDA Slaughter Horse Program Leader, USDA/APHIS/AC, 4700 River Road, Unit 84, Riverdale, MD, 20737-1234, (301) 734-3279.
Dr. Timothy R. Cordes is the senior staff veterinary, for equine disease at the United States Department of Agriculture, for the APHIS branch. This branch focuses on animal and plant health and disease topics. Dr. Cordes is also the USDA Slaughter Horse Program leader. He is a leader in many other programs and holds a very important role in the animal and plant diseases. Dr. Cordes comes up with plans, so the diseases don’t spread. He is very knowledgeable about agriculture, including horses. He is the project leader and has a very rich background in agriculture, along with being the leader of other branches in the USDA.
Doyle, Cathleen, Founder, Hoof PAC. PO Box 40000, Studio City, CA, 91614, (818) 771-0702.
Cathleen Doyle found the Hoof PAC, Political Action Committee and is part of the California Equine Council. The Hoof PAC is group against horse slaughter for overseas consumption. They are politically active and work to ban horse slaughter in the United States, along with passing laws to eliminate equine cruelty. Doyle has been interviewed for many articles about horse slaughter. She has participated and spoke at many conferences regarding this issue. Doyle would be a good source to understand the political actions of the horse community.
Grandin, Temple Dr., Professor of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, (970) 229-0703.
Dr. Temple Grandin is a professor of animal sciences at the Colorado State University. She is a designer of livestock handling facilities, which are located all over the world. Almost half of the cattle in North America are handled in her system, which has a center track restrainer system and a curve chute, along with race systems. These are designed for cows to help reduce the stress for the animals. She is well known and has been interviewed by NPR, 20/20, 48 Hours, CNN Larry King Live, etc. She has also written over 300 articles in scientific journals and livestock periodicals, on animal handling, welfare, and facility design. She is also known for her autism advocacy. Temple uses her autism to understand how animals react and are hypersensitive to everything around them, like she is. Temple would be a good source to understand how animals react to the slaughter experience.
Tuesday, March 18, 2008
Non-Profit Associations
Finch, J. (2008). Habitat for Horses, Your Equine Protection Organization. Retrieved Mar. 8, 2008, from http://www.habitatforhorses.org/index.html.
This non-profit organization advocates for horses and humane treatment of them. It tries to protect horses and provide them with rights so they can have a happy life. They are happy to provide information to the public and want to enforce the laws that “protect abused, endangered, and neglected horses through a volunteer network.” Willie Nelson, a famous singer in the United States known by many, supports this group. This would be a good source because they are an active group in the U.S. and will be able to explain why they, like so many other groups, want to end the horse slaughter with reasons that back up their information.
Wagner, S. (2008). Equine Advocates, Promoting the Humane And Responsible Treatment of Horses. Retrieved Mar. 8, 2008, from http://www.equineadvocates.com/.
The Equine Advocates promotes the “humane and responsible treatment of horses.” They are involved in five main issues, including equine rescue, horse slaughter, wild horse issues, the pregnant mare urine industry, and the prevention of equine abuse. This organization was featured on the Martha Stewart show and she is also a supporter of this group. They keep the website up-to-date and follow the anti-slaughter bill to see how it evolves. It also tries to rally supporters. This website provides information about the slaughter ban and reasons why they believe we should end the horse slaughter.
This non-profit organization advocates for horses and humane treatment of them. It tries to protect horses and provide them with rights so they can have a happy life. They are happy to provide information to the public and want to enforce the laws that “protect abused, endangered, and neglected horses through a volunteer network.” Willie Nelson, a famous singer in the United States known by many, supports this group. This would be a good source because they are an active group in the U.S. and will be able to explain why they, like so many other groups, want to end the horse slaughter with reasons that back up their information.
Wagner, S. (2008). Equine Advocates, Promoting the Humane And Responsible Treatment of Horses. Retrieved Mar. 8, 2008, from http://www.equineadvocates.com/.
The Equine Advocates promotes the “humane and responsible treatment of horses.” They are involved in five main issues, including equine rescue, horse slaughter, wild horse issues, the pregnant mare urine industry, and the prevention of equine abuse. This organization was featured on the Martha Stewart show and she is also a supporter of this group. They keep the website up-to-date and follow the anti-slaughter bill to see how it evolves. It also tries to rally supporters. This website provides information about the slaughter ban and reasons why they believe we should end the horse slaughter.
For-Profit Businesses
Canada Premium Meats, Inc. (2006). Canada Premium Meats, Inc. Retrieved Mar. 7, 2008, from http://www.cpmeats.com/index.htm.
This plant slaughters cattle, horses, and other animals that produce red meat by their boning and cutting methods. There have been a lot of U.S. horses exported to Canada and Mexico and this business would provide new information on how Canada is dealing with more imported horses and how the citizens are reacting to this. Also, this would provide information on where the meat was being exported, since the U.S. plants were closed.
Inca Trading Corporation, S.A.C. (2006). Horse Tails and Mane Hair. Retrieved Feb. 7, 2008, from http://www.alibaba.com/catalog/11133610/Horse_Tails_And_Mane_Hair.html.
This business manufacturers horsehair. The Inca Trading Corporation S.A.C. is a leading Peruvian manufacturer and has been producing horsemeat and sub-products for over 30 years. The tails come from their main slaughterhouses and are traded, once they have been dry salted without the bone. They can supply up to 7,000 tails per month. This is a really interesting business and shows the reader how different cultures use the whole horse once they slaughter it. This gives a very different perspective that is connected with the horse slaughter.
Kour Holdings Corporation/ Medallion Meats Corporation. Slaughterhouse. 6478 Kamloops Vernon HWY, Kamloops Div., Yale District, BC, Canada, V0E 3B0, (250) 375-2588.
The plant slaughters cattle, horses, and other animals. They do ritual slaughter with the Halal method, along with red meat processing. The meat is eligible for export to countries with restrictions, including the European Union, Switzerland, and Hong-Kong. This would show more of the economical side of the horse slaughter and show how they think of it as a business.
Maria, C., & Antonia, C. (2006). Horse and Lamb/mutton Meats. Retrieved Feb. 25, 2008, from http://amirspain-slu.tradenote.net/product/333250Horse-And-Lamb.
This business processes raw meat for industries and offers horse and lamb/mutton meats in whole quarters or boneless. It only has 11 to 50 employees, but because of the small size, it would be interesting to discuss the U.S. slaughter ban with them and to see if it has affected their business at all. Also, this would put the issue at a international level and give more perspective.
This plant slaughters cattle, horses, and other animals that produce red meat by their boning and cutting methods. There have been a lot of U.S. horses exported to Canada and Mexico and this business would provide new information on how Canada is dealing with more imported horses and how the citizens are reacting to this. Also, this would provide information on where the meat was being exported, since the U.S. plants were closed.
Inca Trading Corporation, S.A.C. (2006). Horse Tails and Mane Hair. Retrieved Feb. 7, 2008, from http://www.alibaba.com/catalog/11133610/Horse_Tails_And_Mane_Hair.html.
This business manufacturers horsehair. The Inca Trading Corporation S.A.C. is a leading Peruvian manufacturer and has been producing horsemeat and sub-products for over 30 years. The tails come from their main slaughterhouses and are traded, once they have been dry salted without the bone. They can supply up to 7,000 tails per month. This is a really interesting business and shows the reader how different cultures use the whole horse once they slaughter it. This gives a very different perspective that is connected with the horse slaughter.
Kour Holdings Corporation/ Medallion Meats Corporation. Slaughterhouse. 6478 Kamloops Vernon HWY, Kamloops Div., Yale District, BC, Canada, V0E 3B0, (250) 375-2588.
The plant slaughters cattle, horses, and other animals. They do ritual slaughter with the Halal method, along with red meat processing. The meat is eligible for export to countries with restrictions, including the European Union, Switzerland, and Hong-Kong. This would show more of the economical side of the horse slaughter and show how they think of it as a business.
Maria, C., & Antonia, C. (2006). Horse and Lamb/mutton Meats. Retrieved Feb. 25, 2008, from http://amirspain-slu.tradenote.net/product/333250Horse-And-Lamb.
This business processes raw meat for industries and offers horse and lamb/mutton meats in whole quarters or boneless. It only has 11 to 50 employees, but because of the small size, it would be interesting to discuss the U.S. slaughter ban with them and to see if it has affected their business at all. Also, this would put the issue at a international level and give more perspective.
Government Agencies
United States Department of Agriculture. (2008). United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved Mar. 14, 2008, from http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usdahome.
The USDA is government agency that makes the agricultural services fair to the farmers and consumers. They also work towards slaughter inspections and regulations. This is an umbrella of many other agencies, including the Farm Service Agency, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Agricultural Marketing Service, along with many others. This agency gives tons of information on agriculture and the laws and regulations that apply to livestock slaughter, including horse slaughter.
U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management. (2008). Sale and Adoption of Wild Horses and Burros. Retrieved Mar. 6, 2008, from http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en.html.
This agency is part of the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management. It manages wild horses and burros that are on the public rangelands. It is their responsibility to protect, manage, and control those animals. At one time, these horses were being slaughtered. Relocating the animals, which later are adopted, is preventing this. This agency shows how our society has had wild horses in the country for a long time and many people can relate to them because of this.
U.S. Department of Transportation. (2008). U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved Mar. 6, 2008, from http://www.dot.gov/.
The USDOT makes rules and regulations about traveling. This includes travel for individuals, businesses, trucks, and motor carrier companies. The transportation of horses and other livestock animals are discussed by this agency. Rules and regulations are made for all kinds of transportation and since Congress is still changing the anti-horse slaughter ban, in regards to the transportation this agency gives historical information that leads up to the current events and the bills that are being passed now that involve livestock.
The USDA is government agency that makes the agricultural services fair to the farmers and consumers. They also work towards slaughter inspections and regulations. This is an umbrella of many other agencies, including the Farm Service Agency, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Agricultural Marketing Service, along with many others. This agency gives tons of information on agriculture and the laws and regulations that apply to livestock slaughter, including horse slaughter.
U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management. (2008). Sale and Adoption of Wild Horses and Burros. Retrieved Mar. 6, 2008, from http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en.html.
This agency is part of the U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management. It manages wild horses and burros that are on the public rangelands. It is their responsibility to protect, manage, and control those animals. At one time, these horses were being slaughtered. Relocating the animals, which later are adopted, is preventing this. This agency shows how our society has had wild horses in the country for a long time and many people can relate to them because of this.
U.S. Department of Transportation. (2008). U.S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved Mar. 6, 2008, from http://www.dot.gov/.
The USDOT makes rules and regulations about traveling. This includes travel for individuals, businesses, trucks, and motor carrier companies. The transportation of horses and other livestock animals are discussed by this agency. Rules and regulations are made for all kinds of transportation and since Congress is still changing the anti-horse slaughter ban, in regards to the transportation this agency gives historical information that leads up to the current events and the bills that are being passed now that involve livestock.
Government Documents
Congressional Research Service. Horse Slaughter Prevention Bills and Issues (RS21842; January 2, 2008), by Geoffrey S. Becker. Text in: LexisNexis Congressional Research Digital Collection; Accessed: February 12, 2008.
This government document gives an overview and a summary of horse slaughter, along with details of what is banned and allowed. The overview is good because it show how this whole movement started in the United States government and later evolved. Since this is a current topic, these meetings and explanations give accurate, up-to-date information. It also gives information on what is still being discussed and argued. I used the Ohio University library to find this source.
Congressional Research Service. Humane Treatment of Farm Animals: Overview and Issues (RS21978; January 2, 2008), by Geoffrey S. Becker. Text in LexisNexis Congressional Research Digital Collection; Accessed: March 8, 2008.
This government document gives an overview of acceptable and necessary practices for animals and their healthcare. Over the years, different animal activist groups have fought for the change of some practices that have been thought to be inhumane. This document discusses the specific issues and some of the bills that have been passed to respond to these issues. This gives very unbiased information about how the government is handling the demands of the agriculture life for animals, in a modern world. Both sides are discussed in these issues, including the farmers and the animal activists. It also describes how the bills are enforced. I used the Ohio University library to find this source.
This government document gives an overview and a summary of horse slaughter, along with details of what is banned and allowed. The overview is good because it show how this whole movement started in the United States government and later evolved. Since this is a current topic, these meetings and explanations give accurate, up-to-date information. It also gives information on what is still being discussed and argued. I used the Ohio University library to find this source.
Congressional Research Service. Humane Treatment of Farm Animals: Overview and Issues (RS21978; January 2, 2008), by Geoffrey S. Becker. Text in LexisNexis Congressional Research Digital Collection; Accessed: March 8, 2008.
This government document gives an overview of acceptable and necessary practices for animals and their healthcare. Over the years, different animal activist groups have fought for the change of some practices that have been thought to be inhumane. This document discusses the specific issues and some of the bills that have been passed to respond to these issues. This gives very unbiased information about how the government is handling the demands of the agriculture life for animals, in a modern world. Both sides are discussed in these issues, including the farmers and the animal activists. It also describes how the bills are enforced. I used the Ohio University library to find this source.
Statistical Sites
Agricultural Marketing Service @ USDA. (2008). Livestock and Grain Market News Branch. Retrieved Mar. 16, 2008, from http://www.ams.usda.gov/lsmnpubs/horse.htm.
This website gives a variety of data from seven different subjects, all involving horses. This is a reliable website and lets the viewer see the information in an easy and readable setup. The information that is provided includes horse auctions at two different places and horse exports, to and from different places. Also, you can choose other countries and other summaries that are related to the horse slaughter. This website gives reliable information and numbers.
Grandin, T., McGee, K., & Lanier, J. (2008). Survey of Trucking Practices and Injury to Slaughter Horses. Retrieved Mar. 16, 2008, from http://www.grandin.com/references/horse.transport.html.%20.
This survey shows an overall view of how the horses in different trailers were being injured on the way to the slaughter plants. The highest percent of horses injured happened on the double deck trailers that are sill being used with certain restrictions. New regulations have been passed to go with the anti-slaughter ban, but this survey is still important because it shows the reasoning of the change that the United States took to transport horses. Also, these trailers are still used in other places in the world, where there are less animal rights than the U.S. and still affects horses that are intended for slaughter, no matter where the horses are located.
This website gives a variety of data from seven different subjects, all involving horses. This is a reliable website and lets the viewer see the information in an easy and readable setup. The information that is provided includes horse auctions at two different places and horse exports, to and from different places. Also, you can choose other countries and other summaries that are related to the horse slaughter. This website gives reliable information and numbers.
Grandin, T., McGee, K., & Lanier, J. (2008). Survey of Trucking Practices and Injury to Slaughter Horses. Retrieved Mar. 16, 2008, from http://www.grandin.com/references/horse.transport.html.%20.
This survey shows an overall view of how the horses in different trailers were being injured on the way to the slaughter plants. The highest percent of horses injured happened on the double deck trailers that are sill being used with certain restrictions. New regulations have been passed to go with the anti-slaughter ban, but this survey is still important because it shows the reasoning of the change that the United States took to transport horses. Also, these trailers are still used in other places in the world, where there are less animal rights than the U.S. and still affects horses that are intended for slaughter, no matter where the horses are located.
International Sites
Chevideco (2005). Chevideco. Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http://www.chevideco.be/en/index.htm.
This business works with the buying and selling of live and slaughtered horses. This business is all over Europe and has been growing since 1946. They also import fresh, chilled, and frozen horsemeat from different continents and deliver it all over Europe. They sell to wholesalers, butchers, and chain store businesses. Their production sites include Argentina, Belgium, Romania, and New Zealand. They say on their website that the horses are never stressed and are treated respectfully, with rules and regulations that protect the animals. This website and business shows how worldwide it is and where it is practiced.
Humane Slaughter Association (n.d.). Humane Slaughter Association. Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http://www.hsa.org.uk/index.htm
This website is the homepage for the only registered charity that is international, but is especially active in the United Kingdom. They educate the public, research scientific and technical advances, and work towards the highest standards of treatment for the animals that are intended for food, during their transport, marketing, and slaughter. They have won many awards and grants to enable them to continue their research. Also, they supply a lot of information on their websites about what guidelines they suggest. This group would give information on the best methods of slaughter and what countries use their information.
This business works with the buying and selling of live and slaughtered horses. This business is all over Europe and has been growing since 1946. They also import fresh, chilled, and frozen horsemeat from different continents and deliver it all over Europe. They sell to wholesalers, butchers, and chain store businesses. Their production sites include Argentina, Belgium, Romania, and New Zealand. They say on their website that the horses are never stressed and are treated respectfully, with rules and regulations that protect the animals. This website and business shows how worldwide it is and where it is practiced.
Humane Slaughter Association (n.d.). Humane Slaughter Association. Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http://www.hsa.org.uk/index.htm
This website is the homepage for the only registered charity that is international, but is especially active in the United Kingdom. They educate the public, research scientific and technical advances, and work towards the highest standards of treatment for the animals that are intended for food, during their transport, marketing, and slaughter. They have won many awards and grants to enable them to continue their research. Also, they supply a lot of information on their websites about what guidelines they suggest. This group would give information on the best methods of slaughter and what countries use their information.
Online Blogs
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (2008). ASPCA Blog. Retrieved Mar. 17, 2008, from http://www.aspca.org/aspcablog/.
The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is the first humane organization that was founded in 1866. They battle animal cruelty by rescuing neglected and abused animals, passing laws to prevent cruelty, and enforce these laws. This source gives a lot of other resources and advice on animal care. Their blog gives members and animal lovers a place to discuss current events, like the horse slaughter ban and other issues. They also discuss pet health information, press releases, news alerts, and other updates on legislation. It gives information to help keep the public educated about animals and their care. This gives viewers and participants an informal way of getting a lot of information and other sources they can use to their advantage.
Bridlepath. (2006). Bridlepath, Enter the World of Horses... Retrieved Mar. 17, 2008, from http://bridlepath.wordpress.com/.
This website is not updated anymore, but still holds a lot of valuable information on horses. They have fun postings with pictures that horse lovers would be very interested in, but it also provides a lot of health and welfare information. This website followed what was happening in the United States, as the anti-slaughter ban was being put into introduced and shows how people thought about it at that time, along with giving a good history of the ban. It gives an overview of this issue from September 7, 2006 until May 30, 2007. Even though this doesn’t cover the whole event, it provides a lot of background information and other important links, along with other issues affecting horses and their owners.
Horsetalk.co.nz. (2000). Horsetalk.co.nz. Retrieved Mar. 17, 2008, from http://www.horsetalk.co.nz/.
Horsetalk is a site that has an array of information on it, from horse news, horse advice, New Zealand horse information, equine directories, world equestrian news, and information. It is concentrated in New Zealand, but they do cover the equine world globally and have a variety of organizations, experts, and other links or sources that provide accurate information. This site is all about horses and the things that go with them, with many other resources provided. They provide current news available.
The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is the first humane organization that was founded in 1866. They battle animal cruelty by rescuing neglected and abused animals, passing laws to prevent cruelty, and enforce these laws. This source gives a lot of other resources and advice on animal care. Their blog gives members and animal lovers a place to discuss current events, like the horse slaughter ban and other issues. They also discuss pet health information, press releases, news alerts, and other updates on legislation. It gives information to help keep the public educated about animals and their care. This gives viewers and participants an informal way of getting a lot of information and other sources they can use to their advantage.
Bridlepath. (2006). Bridlepath, Enter the World of Horses... Retrieved Mar. 17, 2008, from http://bridlepath.wordpress.com/.
This website is not updated anymore, but still holds a lot of valuable information on horses. They have fun postings with pictures that horse lovers would be very interested in, but it also provides a lot of health and welfare information. This website followed what was happening in the United States, as the anti-slaughter ban was being put into introduced and shows how people thought about it at that time, along with giving a good history of the ban. It gives an overview of this issue from September 7, 2006 until May 30, 2007. Even though this doesn’t cover the whole event, it provides a lot of background information and other important links, along with other issues affecting horses and their owners.
Horsetalk.co.nz. (2000). Horsetalk.co.nz. Retrieved Mar. 17, 2008, from http://www.horsetalk.co.nz/.
Horsetalk is a site that has an array of information on it, from horse news, horse advice, New Zealand horse information, equine directories, world equestrian news, and information. It is concentrated in New Zealand, but they do cover the equine world globally and have a variety of organizations, experts, and other links or sources that provide accurate information. This site is all about horses and the things that go with them, with many other resources provided. They provide current news available.
Multimedia Sources
Animals’ Angels (n.d.). Spain to Italy: Horses Driven for 36 Hours Before Slaughter. World Society for the Protection of Animals. Retrieved 2008, March 17, from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izffs5IsZxc.
The Handle with Care is a program in association with the World Society for the Protection of Animals. This ten minute movie shows that the United States doesn’t only have bad handling and transporting of animals intended for slaughter, but so does the rest of the world. This gives a spin on the topic of slaughtering animals because we don’t think about it in Europe and other places, but it is just as bad and in some places worse than what you would ever imagine. The organization is trying to change the transporting regulations and is trying to show the public what is being ignored. They are trying to make a change and this shows a different perspective of the animal rights and welfare movements. This movie is graphic.
Bryon, L. (2008, February 21). Cases of horse Neglect on the rise. King 5 News. Seattle, Washington. Retrieved: 2008, February 25, from http://www.king5.com/video/index.html?nvid=220502
This is a television clip from a nightly news channel about how cases of horse neglect were on the rise. It includes an interview with an animal rescue group and how they are handling the increase of horses they are taking in. It brings up a couple of variables for this, including hay shortages and the horse slaughter ban.
Lara, J. & Sandberg, L. (2007, September 29). Scent of Death. Houston Chronicle Newspaper Website. Sound slides. Retrieved: 2008, February 20, from
http://www2.mysanantonio.com/specials/20070929slaughter3/index.html.
This sound slide was originally with an article from the Houston Chronicle and includes still photos and audio. It lets the viewer have an intimate look at how some of the Mexican horse-slaughter plants kill their horses. It includes interviews from the plant’s workers and veterinary. It shows a very different and gruesome process of horse-slaughter in a country that has less animal rights than the United States. This is graphic.
Molina, Daniel P. (Writer & Producer). (n.d.). Horse Slaughter with Bo Derek. National Horse Protection Coalition. Sound slides with audio, video, and still images. Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPKI0qCDODw&feature=related.
This sound slide has video, still images, and audio included. It discusses how horse slaughter should be banned and why. It also includes ways people can show their support and make a difference. They use Bo Derek in their video for an interview. She has been in many films from 1977 through 1998 and is well known. This provides information about the horse slaughter, including famous racehorses that have won famous races that stop winning, and went to slaughter. This shows how many Americans don’t understand what happens in the horse industries when the horses stop winning. This is graphic.
The Handle with Care is a program in association with the World Society for the Protection of Animals. This ten minute movie shows that the United States doesn’t only have bad handling and transporting of animals intended for slaughter, but so does the rest of the world. This gives a spin on the topic of slaughtering animals because we don’t think about it in Europe and other places, but it is just as bad and in some places worse than what you would ever imagine. The organization is trying to change the transporting regulations and is trying to show the public what is being ignored. They are trying to make a change and this shows a different perspective of the animal rights and welfare movements. This movie is graphic.
Bryon, L. (2008, February 21). Cases of horse Neglect on the rise. King 5 News. Seattle, Washington. Retrieved: 2008, February 25, from http://www.king5.com/video/index.html?nvid=220502
This is a television clip from a nightly news channel about how cases of horse neglect were on the rise. It includes an interview with an animal rescue group and how they are handling the increase of horses they are taking in. It brings up a couple of variables for this, including hay shortages and the horse slaughter ban.
Lara, J. & Sandberg, L. (2007, September 29). Scent of Death. Houston Chronicle Newspaper Website. Sound slides. Retrieved: 2008, February 20, from
http://www2.mysanantonio.com/specials/20070929slaughter3/index.html.
This sound slide was originally with an article from the Houston Chronicle and includes still photos and audio. It lets the viewer have an intimate look at how some of the Mexican horse-slaughter plants kill their horses. It includes interviews from the plant’s workers and veterinary. It shows a very different and gruesome process of horse-slaughter in a country that has less animal rights than the United States. This is graphic.
Molina, Daniel P. (Writer & Producer). (n.d.). Horse Slaughter with Bo Derek. National Horse Protection Coalition. Sound slides with audio, video, and still images. Retrieved March 16, 2008 from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jPKI0qCDODw&feature=related.
This sound slide has video, still images, and audio included. It discusses how horse slaughter should be banned and why. It also includes ways people can show their support and make a difference. They use Bo Derek in their video for an interview. She has been in many films from 1977 through 1998 and is well known. This provides information about the horse slaughter, including famous racehorses that have won famous races that stop winning, and went to slaughter. This shows how many Americans don’t understand what happens in the horse industries when the horses stop winning. This is graphic.
Recent Books
Grandin, Temple (2000). Livestock Handling and Transport. UK: CABI Publishing.
For economic and animal welfare reasons, Temple Grandin started investigating the livestock handling and transport for animals that were intended for slaughter. This edition came out in 2000 and her original was published in 1993. She uses animal physiology to make her points and covers the many aspects involved, including handling for veterinary and husbandry procedures, restraint methods, transport systems and design of facilities on farms and at slaughter plants. Grandin is well known because of her use of autism with her animal sciences, she is able to understand how animals think. Readers will be more knowledgeable about the process and why we need to reduce the stress of animals that are intended for slaughter before the actual slaughter.
Grandin, Temple & Johnson, Catherine (2005). Animals in Translation: Using the Mysteries of Autism to Decode Animal Behavior. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Temple Grandin uses her autism in a productive way to fight for animal rights, by using her animal scientist training and hypersentivity from autism together. Being autistic, she believes she can narrow the gap between animal and human communication. Grandin states that animals are much smarter than anyone ever imagined and investigates their pain, fear, aggression, love, friendship, communication, and learning. This book makes the viewers understand that animals do have feelings and need to be treated humanely with respect and care. It can also help the viewer or researcher understand the need for strict handling regulations when people deal with the animals for slaughter.
Heller, Bill (2005, April). After the Finish Line: The Race to End Horse Slaughter in America. California: BowTie Press.
Most race horses that win are seen as famous and like famous movie stars or sport stars, they will go on to retire and live a fulfilling, relaxed life. This book shows quite the opposite. Many famous racehorses that won prestigious awards and races were sent to slaughter. The horse Exceller, who was the Horse of the Year in 1977, was sent to Sweden for human consumption. The public was appalled, but again the 2003 Kentucky Derby and Breeders’ Cup Classic winner, Ferdinand, was slaughtered in Japan. This book points out more incidents like these and exposes the cruel reality of the horse industry, especially the race industry and horse slaughter. Heller shows different points of views on these subjects, from the anti-slaughter ban and the organizations that fought for it to the actual sports and slaughterhouses. This book gives the reader a good perspective of what was happening to the horses, even the ones that were successful, and how many people ignored or forgot until something similar happened again.
Waran, Natalie (2002, January). Welfare of Horses. New York: Springer-Verlag.
The welfare of the horses is the main topic in the book and is discussed in different ways according to how the horses are used, where they are located, and the horse behavior. Different factors are considered in this book because horses are used so differently around the world. An example of this is in the western world, many use horses as companions and for sport, while in the east, horses are used for work, like farming. Waran uses scientists from all over the world and analyzes horse behavior due to being kept in an unnatural habitat. This book provides a lot of information on how we should treat horses and why. It shows a more personal look at horses and how they are not just livestock to many people around the world.
Wise, J.R. (2007, January). Give a Horse a Second Chance: Adopting and Caring for Rescue Horses. Connecticut: The Lyons Press.
This book provides an alternative to slaughtering, by rescuing an unwanted horse and rehabilitating it. It gives basic information on how to care for horses, along with ones who have health and safety issues. J.R. Wright encourages responsible horse ownership, with certain measures, like having veterinary assistance. This book gives basic information on adoption, how to care for a newly adopted horse, and how to overcome the obstacles that come with it.
For economic and animal welfare reasons, Temple Grandin started investigating the livestock handling and transport for animals that were intended for slaughter. This edition came out in 2000 and her original was published in 1993. She uses animal physiology to make her points and covers the many aspects involved, including handling for veterinary and husbandry procedures, restraint methods, transport systems and design of facilities on farms and at slaughter plants. Grandin is well known because of her use of autism with her animal sciences, she is able to understand how animals think. Readers will be more knowledgeable about the process and why we need to reduce the stress of animals that are intended for slaughter before the actual slaughter.
Grandin, Temple & Johnson, Catherine (2005). Animals in Translation: Using the Mysteries of Autism to Decode Animal Behavior. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Temple Grandin uses her autism in a productive way to fight for animal rights, by using her animal scientist training and hypersentivity from autism together. Being autistic, she believes she can narrow the gap between animal and human communication. Grandin states that animals are much smarter than anyone ever imagined and investigates their pain, fear, aggression, love, friendship, communication, and learning. This book makes the viewers understand that animals do have feelings and need to be treated humanely with respect and care. It can also help the viewer or researcher understand the need for strict handling regulations when people deal with the animals for slaughter.
Heller, Bill (2005, April). After the Finish Line: The Race to End Horse Slaughter in America. California: BowTie Press.
Most race horses that win are seen as famous and like famous movie stars or sport stars, they will go on to retire and live a fulfilling, relaxed life. This book shows quite the opposite. Many famous racehorses that won prestigious awards and races were sent to slaughter. The horse Exceller, who was the Horse of the Year in 1977, was sent to Sweden for human consumption. The public was appalled, but again the 2003 Kentucky Derby and Breeders’ Cup Classic winner, Ferdinand, was slaughtered in Japan. This book points out more incidents like these and exposes the cruel reality of the horse industry, especially the race industry and horse slaughter. Heller shows different points of views on these subjects, from the anti-slaughter ban and the organizations that fought for it to the actual sports and slaughterhouses. This book gives the reader a good perspective of what was happening to the horses, even the ones that were successful, and how many people ignored or forgot until something similar happened again.
Waran, Natalie (2002, January). Welfare of Horses. New York: Springer-Verlag.
The welfare of the horses is the main topic in the book and is discussed in different ways according to how the horses are used, where they are located, and the horse behavior. Different factors are considered in this book because horses are used so differently around the world. An example of this is in the western world, many use horses as companions and for sport, while in the east, horses are used for work, like farming. Waran uses scientists from all over the world and analyzes horse behavior due to being kept in an unnatural habitat. This book provides a lot of information on how we should treat horses and why. It shows a more personal look at horses and how they are not just livestock to many people around the world.
Wise, J.R. (2007, January). Give a Horse a Second Chance: Adopting and Caring for Rescue Horses. Connecticut: The Lyons Press.
This book provides an alternative to slaughtering, by rescuing an unwanted horse and rehabilitating it. It gives basic information on how to care for horses, along with ones who have health and safety issues. J.R. Wright encourages responsible horse ownership, with certain measures, like having veterinary assistance. This book gives basic information on adoption, how to care for a newly adopted horse, and how to overcome the obstacles that come with it.
Newspaper or Magazine Articles
Harkinson, J. (2006, May/June). The Killing Floor. E-The Environmental Magazine. Vol. 17 Issue 3, 32-39.
The Killing Floor discusses how the anti-slaughter bans passed are making the slaughterhouses close and the reactions from the public towards the government because of this. A surprisingly large amount of Americans called their congressmen and there have been more of those calls than for Hurricane Katrina. It also discusses the other bills passed for the horses. This article touches on how the slaughterhouses perceive themselves and how the general public and animal lovers perceive them.
Hettinger, J. (2003, June 28). Where would all the horses go? The Blood-Horse. 3492.
This article was written while the anti-slaughter ban was being discussed, but brings up many good points against slaughter and has answers to many questions from the public who have been misinformed. They look at different scenarios and bring up many misconceptions of the numbers involved in the horse slaughter. Almost every year, the horses that were slaughtered decreased in numbers and if the United States stopped the slaughter all together, the article says there would not be an overload of unwanted horses and believes stopping horse slaughter won’t cause problems of over population in horses.
Lang, A., Meadows, B., & Zawel, M. (2006, September 25). Whoa! People. Vol. 66 Issue 13.
This article discusses how the American public sees horses as pets and are a big part of our society and culture. It brings up how many of us think of the cowboy and other history that involves horses. Our society has movies and Seabiscuit and Mr. Ed are well-known horses and characters in a television show and a movie. The argument is brought up in this article on how the horse slaughter is economical and profitable, but it brings up the other side, where horses have been stolen and then shipped off to slaughter. This article uses good sources and provides a lot of information.
Montavalli, J. (2006, May/June). The High-Stakes Battle Over Horse Slaughter. E- The Environmental Magazine. Vol. 17 Issue 3. 38.
This discusses the events that led up to the closing of the slaughterhouses for horses. It brings up different bills that hurt the slaughterhouses, before they were closed. The actions from the slaughterhouses were discussed and how they fought these regulations, with petitions and other actions. Overall, it discusses the fight between the two sides. This is an important article because it really shows the events leading up to the actual anti-slaughter ban.
Olsson, K. (2006, December). Eating a Dead Horse. Texas Monthly. Vol. 34 Issue 12, 160-249.
This article also looks at both sides of the debate. They look at the worried people involved in the horse industry, along with the people fighting for the animal rights. The overseas market is discussed. The author looks closely at the people who do take the horses to the slaughter plants and their opinions about it. This brings a face to the people who let the horses go to the slaughterhouses. Instead of being monsters, they are horse traders and do care about the animals, but still take them to the slaughterhouses because once the horses are worn or neglected they are worthless to them.
The Killing Floor discusses how the anti-slaughter bans passed are making the slaughterhouses close and the reactions from the public towards the government because of this. A surprisingly large amount of Americans called their congressmen and there have been more of those calls than for Hurricane Katrina. It also discusses the other bills passed for the horses. This article touches on how the slaughterhouses perceive themselves and how the general public and animal lovers perceive them.
Hettinger, J. (2003, June 28). Where would all the horses go? The Blood-Horse. 3492.
This article was written while the anti-slaughter ban was being discussed, but brings up many good points against slaughter and has answers to many questions from the public who have been misinformed. They look at different scenarios and bring up many misconceptions of the numbers involved in the horse slaughter. Almost every year, the horses that were slaughtered decreased in numbers and if the United States stopped the slaughter all together, the article says there would not be an overload of unwanted horses and believes stopping horse slaughter won’t cause problems of over population in horses.
Lang, A., Meadows, B., & Zawel, M. (2006, September 25). Whoa! People. Vol. 66 Issue 13.
This article discusses how the American public sees horses as pets and are a big part of our society and culture. It brings up how many of us think of the cowboy and other history that involves horses. Our society has movies and Seabiscuit and Mr. Ed are well-known horses and characters in a television show and a movie. The argument is brought up in this article on how the horse slaughter is economical and profitable, but it brings up the other side, where horses have been stolen and then shipped off to slaughter. This article uses good sources and provides a lot of information.
Montavalli, J. (2006, May/June). The High-Stakes Battle Over Horse Slaughter. E- The Environmental Magazine. Vol. 17 Issue 3. 38.
This discusses the events that led up to the closing of the slaughterhouses for horses. It brings up different bills that hurt the slaughterhouses, before they were closed. The actions from the slaughterhouses were discussed and how they fought these regulations, with petitions and other actions. Overall, it discusses the fight between the two sides. This is an important article because it really shows the events leading up to the actual anti-slaughter ban.
Olsson, K. (2006, December). Eating a Dead Horse. Texas Monthly. Vol. 34 Issue 12, 160-249.
This article also looks at both sides of the debate. They look at the worried people involved in the horse industry, along with the people fighting for the animal rights. The overseas market is discussed. The author looks closely at the people who do take the horses to the slaughter plants and their opinions about it. This brings a face to the people who let the horses go to the slaughterhouses. Instead of being monsters, they are horse traders and do care about the animals, but still take them to the slaughterhouses because once the horses are worn or neglected they are worthless to them.
Trade Magazine or Scholarly Articles
Davis, S. (2004, March). AAEP to release welfare guidelines for rescue groups. DVM: The Newsmagazine of Veterinary Medicine.Vol. 35 Issue 3, 1E.
This article was written before the anti-slaughter bill was passed. It brings up what the animal activists plan to do if the ban passed. The American Horse Council had set up a plan so if something like this happened; they wouldn’t have an influx of unwanted horses. It brings up the worries of the rescue groups, like how some unrecognized rescue groups will not know a lot about horses and horse care. The rescue groups need to reason with their emotions and are focusing on guides that will come out in the summer of 2004, including the care of older horses and horses with other problems.
DVM: The Newsmagazine of Veterinary Medicine. (2007, October). Horse-Slaughter ban upheld in appeals court. DVM: The Newsmagazine of Veterinary Medicine. Vol. 38 Issue 10, 16.
This article discusses the closing of the last horse-slaughter plant, in DeKalb, Illinois. The plant tried to appeal it, but the courts ruled against it. It goes in more detail about Caval International, the horse-slaughtering plants, and how it fought to stay open. This article brings up good points and has a good quote in it.
DVM: The Newsmagazine of Veterinary Medicine. (2007, August). Last U.S. horse-slaughter plant closes. DVM: The Newsmagazine of Veterinary Medicine.Vol. 38 Issue 8, 8E.
This article goes more in-depth about the closing of the last horse-slaughter plant closing and the fight of the plant to stay open. It brings up the plant’s history and numbers of the horses that were usually slaughtered in a week. It doesn’t just discuss the fight of the plant, but gives more background and information about it, along with the other two United States plants that closed before.
This article was written before the anti-slaughter bill was passed. It brings up what the animal activists plan to do if the ban passed. The American Horse Council had set up a plan so if something like this happened; they wouldn’t have an influx of unwanted horses. It brings up the worries of the rescue groups, like how some unrecognized rescue groups will not know a lot about horses and horse care. The rescue groups need to reason with their emotions and are focusing on guides that will come out in the summer of 2004, including the care of older horses and horses with other problems.
DVM: The Newsmagazine of Veterinary Medicine. (2007, October). Horse-Slaughter ban upheld in appeals court. DVM: The Newsmagazine of Veterinary Medicine. Vol. 38 Issue 10, 16.
This article discusses the closing of the last horse-slaughter plant, in DeKalb, Illinois. The plant tried to appeal it, but the courts ruled against it. It goes in more detail about Caval International, the horse-slaughtering plants, and how it fought to stay open. This article brings up good points and has a good quote in it.
DVM: The Newsmagazine of Veterinary Medicine. (2007, August). Last U.S. horse-slaughter plant closes. DVM: The Newsmagazine of Veterinary Medicine.Vol. 38 Issue 8, 8E.
This article goes more in-depth about the closing of the last horse-slaughter plant closing and the fight of the plant to stay open. It brings up the plant’s history and numbers of the horses that were usually slaughtered in a week. It doesn’t just discuss the fight of the plant, but gives more background and information about it, along with the other two United States plants that closed before.
Specialized Print Reference Books
Bekoff, Marc (1998). Encyclopedias of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare. (Meaney, Carron A., ed.). Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
This reference book umbrellas a variety of animal rights and welfare issues. Jane Goodall well known for her chimpanzee studies and advocacy wrote the forward and gives an overview of animal behavior, along with human and animal differences. She uses her life examples and compliments this book. A timeline is provided of different events around the world, mostly in the United States, that affected animal rights and welfare. This is a very resourceful list because it looks at the animal rights as a whole movement and gives insight in understanding how far it has come. This book does not discuss horse slaughter in specifics, but does discuss other kinds of livestock slaughter and horse related issues about cruelty and welfare. The Humane Slaughter Act is discussed and how the slaughterhouses need to act humanely towards the animals. It provides specific guidelines and regulations on the process. They discuss previous cruelty cases, horse communication, animal intelligence and thinking, along with many other issues. This book provides a viewer with an overview of animal welfare and rights that can be used in researching horse slaughter.
Carroll, Jamuna (Ed.). (2005). Do Animals Have Rights? California: Thomas Gale.
This book uses different points of view to show both sides of certain debates, like Modern Slaughtering Methods Are Humane, while the following chapter is Modern Slaughtering Methods are Inhumane. This book also covers topics about animal rights and other controversial issues that may help someone in looking at animal welfare overall. Chapter eleven and twelve are the ones a person would focus on if they were researching horse and other animal slaughter. It provides both sides of how the slaughter is looked at as a humane or inhumane act with reasons and facts to back each side individually. This gives a person a well-rounded view on the animal slaughter and provides other resources they could use. The chapter about humane slaughter is written by the American Meat Institute and discusses how the industry has evolved with research. They also discuss government oversight, the science of livestock welfare, regulations, and the handling and stunning improvements. They include statistics that support their opinions. Joby Warrick, an investigative staff writer for the Washington Post, wrote the chapter about the inhumane animal slaughter. It discusses how certain regulations are not followed, like correctly stunning an animal before being butchered. It also includes experts, like veterinaries responses to this, how violations go unpunished, the meat industry’s response, evidence of inhumane practices, Temple Grandin’s industry-wide audit, improper stunning, and the obstacles in preventing inhumane slaughter. This whole book provides a lot of information and shows both sides of issues that would help a reporter write an unbiased article that show different perspectives.
Masters Evan, Kim (2008). Animal Rights (2007 edition). (Edgar, Kathleen J. & Williams, Jhanay, eds.). Michigan: Thomas Gale.
This book covers a variety of animal rights and welfare issues like human-animal interaction, wildlife, farm animals, research animals, animals in sports, entertainment animals, service animals, and pets. These are chapters, with many subheadings, that provide more specific information on the animals affected by those issues, along with more overview information. The horsemeat issue is discussed briefly, along with other horse issues, like carriage horses, horses used for different services, racehorses, wild horses, and horses in rodeos. The subheading of horses and horsemeat discuss the 2006 American Horse Slaughter Prevention Act, along with other information and events that led to it. It also discusses animal slaughter overall and how farm animals are treated. It would help a reporter to provide accurate information on the horse slaughter, along with horse rights and welfare. It provides expert opinions and statistics about it.
Sherry, Clifford J. (1994). Animal Rights, A Reference Handbook. California: ABC-CLIO.
Being 14 years old, this book is outdated on some issues, but provides a lot of history and interesting points in the animal rights debates. This book provides very broad information, but would be a good place to start research for someone doing a report on anything that involves animals and their rights. It discusses federal legislation, animal pain and theories of pain perception, and provides a wide variety of other sources that could be helpful, including U.S. government publications and non-print resources. They do use experts in the fields and statistics that support their information.
This reference book umbrellas a variety of animal rights and welfare issues. Jane Goodall well known for her chimpanzee studies and advocacy wrote the forward and gives an overview of animal behavior, along with human and animal differences. She uses her life examples and compliments this book. A timeline is provided of different events around the world, mostly in the United States, that affected animal rights and welfare. This is a very resourceful list because it looks at the animal rights as a whole movement and gives insight in understanding how far it has come. This book does not discuss horse slaughter in specifics, but does discuss other kinds of livestock slaughter and horse related issues about cruelty and welfare. The Humane Slaughter Act is discussed and how the slaughterhouses need to act humanely towards the animals. It provides specific guidelines and regulations on the process. They discuss previous cruelty cases, horse communication, animal intelligence and thinking, along with many other issues. This book provides a viewer with an overview of animal welfare and rights that can be used in researching horse slaughter.
Carroll, Jamuna (Ed.). (2005). Do Animals Have Rights? California: Thomas Gale.
This book uses different points of view to show both sides of certain debates, like Modern Slaughtering Methods Are Humane, while the following chapter is Modern Slaughtering Methods are Inhumane. This book also covers topics about animal rights and other controversial issues that may help someone in looking at animal welfare overall. Chapter eleven and twelve are the ones a person would focus on if they were researching horse and other animal slaughter. It provides both sides of how the slaughter is looked at as a humane or inhumane act with reasons and facts to back each side individually. This gives a person a well-rounded view on the animal slaughter and provides other resources they could use. The chapter about humane slaughter is written by the American Meat Institute and discusses how the industry has evolved with research. They also discuss government oversight, the science of livestock welfare, regulations, and the handling and stunning improvements. They include statistics that support their opinions. Joby Warrick, an investigative staff writer for the Washington Post, wrote the chapter about the inhumane animal slaughter. It discusses how certain regulations are not followed, like correctly stunning an animal before being butchered. It also includes experts, like veterinaries responses to this, how violations go unpunished, the meat industry’s response, evidence of inhumane practices, Temple Grandin’s industry-wide audit, improper stunning, and the obstacles in preventing inhumane slaughter. This whole book provides a lot of information and shows both sides of issues that would help a reporter write an unbiased article that show different perspectives.
Masters Evan, Kim (2008). Animal Rights (2007 edition). (Edgar, Kathleen J. & Williams, Jhanay, eds.). Michigan: Thomas Gale.
This book covers a variety of animal rights and welfare issues like human-animal interaction, wildlife, farm animals, research animals, animals in sports, entertainment animals, service animals, and pets. These are chapters, with many subheadings, that provide more specific information on the animals affected by those issues, along with more overview information. The horsemeat issue is discussed briefly, along with other horse issues, like carriage horses, horses used for different services, racehorses, wild horses, and horses in rodeos. The subheading of horses and horsemeat discuss the 2006 American Horse Slaughter Prevention Act, along with other information and events that led to it. It also discusses animal slaughter overall and how farm animals are treated. It would help a reporter to provide accurate information on the horse slaughter, along with horse rights and welfare. It provides expert opinions and statistics about it.
Sherry, Clifford J. (1994). Animal Rights, A Reference Handbook. California: ABC-CLIO.
Being 14 years old, this book is outdated on some issues, but provides a lot of history and interesting points in the animal rights debates. This book provides very broad information, but would be a good place to start research for someone doing a report on anything that involves animals and their rights. It discusses federal legislation, animal pain and theories of pain perception, and provides a wide variety of other sources that could be helpful, including U.S. government publications and non-print resources. They do use experts in the fields and statistics that support their information.
Specialized Online Reference Sites
Rollin, Bernard E. (2004). Animal Welfare and Rights: VI. Animals in Agricultural and Factory Farming. Encyclopedia of Bioethics (Vol. 1, 3rd Ed) (Post, Stephen G., ed). Retrieved March 18, 2008 from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=RELEVANCE&inPS=true&prodId=GVRL&userGroupName=athe17405&tabID=T003&searchId=R5&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&searchType=Bas
icSearchForm¤tPosition=1&contentSet=GALE%7CCX3402500057&&docId=GALE|CX3402500057&docType=GALE.
This chapter discusses factory farming, which the horse slaughterhouses don’t do. This can be applied to horse slaughter because during travel and before slaughter the horses are confined in small, overcrowded spaces. The findings in this article can be used in parts of the horse slaughtering process, including when they are at auction houses, while being transported, and when they first arrive at the slaughterhouse. The physical and psychological of animals are affected by confinement are discussed and it goes into further detail about this. It also brings up reforms and social concern over the factory farming and confinement of animals. This resource is not focused on horse slaughter, but can be used as a source to understand the confinement of the animals and what is being done against it.
Unti, Bernard. (2003). Animal Protective Societies. Dictionary of American History. (Vol. 1 3rd Ed) (Kutler, Stanley I., ed). (p.185-186). Retrieved March 18, 2008 from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=RELEVANCE&inPS=true&prodId=GVRL&userGroupName=athe17405&tabID=T003&searchId=R5&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&searchType=Bas
icSearchForm¤tPosition=2&contentSet=GALE%7CCX3401800199&&docId=GALE|CX3401800199&docType=GALE.
This chapter in the Dictionary of American History provides a history of animal protective societies, from where and how they started to what they have done and still do. These societies try to prevent cruelty in all aspects that are connected to animals, including the animal transportation and slaughter for food, entertainment, hunting, etc. It shows how these groups evolved into rescues and other things to help fight for animal rights. This is a short excerpt, but provides a lot of information on the groups. This shows where the groups that are fighting against the horse slaughter came from and what else they fight for.
Phelps, Shirelle & Leham, Jeffrey (Eds.). (2004). Animal Rights. West's Encyclopedia of American Law. (Vol. 1, 2nd Ed). (p. 275-280). Retrieved March 18, 2008 from
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=RELEVANCE&inPS=true&prodId=GVRL&userGroupName=athe17405&tabID=T003&searchId=R5&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&searchType=Bas
icSearchForm¤tPosition=4&contentSet=GALE%7CCX3437700285&&docId=GALE|CX3437700285&docType=GALE.
Animals legally have rights and are explained in this short excerpt. The groups that fought against animal cruelty and neglect have fought for different laws and regulations to protect a variety of animals in different situations, from being experimental research animals to farm animals. This shows animals, including horses, have rights. This mainly discusses the animals used in labs and research, but the laws also protect animals against inhumane slaughter and handling.
icSearchForm¤tPosition=1&contentSet=GALE%7CCX3402500057&&docId=GALE|CX3402500057&docType=GALE.
This chapter discusses factory farming, which the horse slaughterhouses don’t do. This can be applied to horse slaughter because during travel and before slaughter the horses are confined in small, overcrowded spaces. The findings in this article can be used in parts of the horse slaughtering process, including when they are at auction houses, while being transported, and when they first arrive at the slaughterhouse. The physical and psychological of animals are affected by confinement are discussed and it goes into further detail about this. It also brings up reforms and social concern over the factory farming and confinement of animals. This resource is not focused on horse slaughter, but can be used as a source to understand the confinement of the animals and what is being done against it.
Unti, Bernard. (2003). Animal Protective Societies. Dictionary of American History. (Vol. 1 3rd Ed) (Kutler, Stanley I., ed). (p.185-186). Retrieved March 18, 2008 from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=RELEVANCE&inPS=true&prodId=GVRL&userGroupName=athe17405&tabID=T003&searchId=R5&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&searchType=Bas
icSearchForm¤tPosition=2&contentSet=GALE%7CCX3401800199&&docId=GALE|CX3401800199&docType=GALE.
This chapter in the Dictionary of American History provides a history of animal protective societies, from where and how they started to what they have done and still do. These societies try to prevent cruelty in all aspects that are connected to animals, including the animal transportation and slaughter for food, entertainment, hunting, etc. It shows how these groups evolved into rescues and other things to help fight for animal rights. This is a short excerpt, but provides a lot of information on the groups. This shows where the groups that are fighting against the horse slaughter came from and what else they fight for.
Phelps, Shirelle & Leham, Jeffrey (Eds.). (2004). Animal Rights. West's Encyclopedia of American Law. (Vol. 1, 2nd Ed). (p. 275-280). Retrieved March 18, 2008 from
http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=RELEVANCE&inPS=true&prodId=GVRL&userGroupName=athe17405&tabID=T003&searchId=R5&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&searchType=Bas
icSearchForm¤tPosition=4&contentSet=GALE%7CCX3437700285&&docId=GALE|CX3437700285&docType=GALE.
Animals legally have rights and are explained in this short excerpt. The groups that fought against animal cruelty and neglect have fought for different laws and regulations to protect a variety of animals in different situations, from being experimental research animals to farm animals. This shows animals, including horses, have rights. This mainly discusses the animals used in labs and research, but the laws also protect animals against inhumane slaughter and handling.
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